26/11/2021
醜婦終見家翁
日前的美儲局會議紀錄,是個典型的醜婦終見家翁。
美儲局定調了,美國有滯脹風險,原文這樣說:
「The staff continued to judge that the risks to the baseline projection for economic activity were skewed to the downside and that the risks around the inflation projection were skewed to the upside。」
經濟下行、通脹上行,雖無明言,但就是滯脹了,中國就明白地講:中國有滯脹風險(圖一)。
有滯脹風險,美儲局會怎做?又是原文:
Some participants suggested that reducing the pace of net asset purchases by more than $15 billion each month could be warranted so that the Committee would be in a better position to make adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, particularly in light of inflation pressures。
但有鴿派儲局官員仍謂要等等,原文:
At the same time, because of the continuing considerable uncertainty about developments in supply chains, production logistics, and the course of the virus, a number of participants stressed that a patient attitude toward incoming data remained appropriate to allow for careful evaluation of evolving supply chain developments and their implications for the labor market and inflation。
然鷹派儲局官員則不肯放手,原文:
That said, participants noted that the Committee would not hesitate to take appropriate actions to address inflation pressures that posed risks to its longer-run price stability and employment objectives。
你是華爾街,怎看美儲局這個醜婦的轉軚,又怎看美儲局內鴿鷹兩派的爭拗?
市場最會說話:
(1)加息次數估由一次升至三次,即可以加多了,急加了息(圖二);
(2)加息,不一定是對所有債券都不好,由於短期加了息,可以控制到遠期的通脹,所以美儲局報告一出,短期美債息就升,長期美債息就跌,圖三所示是兩年期升了3點子息,但三十年期債則跌了6點子息。從價格上言,因為債價跟債息成反比走向,較是短債價跌(息升)長債價升(息跌)。
債券棄長買短 輸死都未天光
一般投資者被教導謂在加息期間,所持的債券年期應棄長買短,但周三晚的美債息告訴了市場的真實性而不是理論的估當然性。這些沽短買長(或買短沽長),叫做買Spread。筆者在80年代,就是按理論教導,在伏爾克的加息行動中,受到重創。伏爾克加息,我就按理論,沽長買短,市場就一如今周三短債價跌(息升),長債價升(息跌),凌晨2時,經紀來電要補倉,銀行仍瞓覺,點補吖,斬囉。
(iStock)
不過又要明白,加息到一定時期,加息消息被消化後,又真是短債價會回升些,長債價又會回跌些,那時沽長買短才可有利。
之後,筆者就認真小心不會在加息期間,亂按理論買賣,而是要按市場實際來操作。如果理論是百分百合用,則光看教游泳的視頻都可攞奧運金牌了。
在加息期間,如到長債息回跌得急,短債息不再怎跌(已反映了加息幅度)時,就有機會出現債息倒掛(圖四)。如果那時才叫經濟衰退了,就是已慢了經濟步伐N拍。
今時由於息口低,要關注的倒應是實質利率,即是利率減通脹率,如負利率負得多,將會促使資金會多作炒賣,或多買實物資產來對抗負利率。圖五是近日美十年債息的實質利率,似乎見頂了(即是息不升而通脹升)。再炒?即通脹又會升了,美儲局這個醜婦或要毀容了。
(投資涉風險,每投資者承受風險程度不一,務必要獨立思考。筆者會因應市況而買賣。)
【與拍賣官看藝術】東南亞藝術市場是下一個熱點?一探各地獨特及吸引之處!► 即睇